<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/1992-5980-2018-18-4-414-420</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-1436</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACHINE BUILDING AND MACHINE SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ И МАШИНОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Improvement of corrosion process control techniques at engineering facilities under high parameters of water  coolants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Совершенствование методов контроля процессов коррозии на объектах  машиностроения при высоких параметрах водных теплоносителей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-3792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербаков Владимир Николаевич, доцент кафедры «Гидравлика, гидропневмоавтоматика и тепловые процессы», кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>РФ, 344000, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shcherbakov, Vladimir N. - associate professor of the Hydraulics, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Control Systems and Heat Processes Department, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), associate professor</p><p>1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344000, RF</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladnik48@aaanet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>414</fpage><lpage>420</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Shcherbakov V.N., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербаков В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1436">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1436</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The work objective is to increase the reliability of the prediction methods for the lithium hydroxide behavior in the steam-water circuit at the thermal power plants and nuclear power plants, and for the operational monitoring of the pH index of steam solutions. A method of operational control is developed on the basis of the conductometric measurements of the hydrogen index of the corrosion inhibitor vapor solutions for construction materials of lithium hydroxide used at the TPP and NPS.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A mathematical model method is used for the practical implementation of the high-temperature operational control of the steam solution pH index.</p></sec><sec><title>Research Results</title><p>Research Results. A method for monitoring the pH of vapor solutions of lithium hydroxide based on the determination of vapor concentration through the steam condensation in the coolable conductivity sensor located in the vapor space of the steam generator is developed. This has significantly improved the accuracy of determining the lithium hydroxide concentration. Equations describing the change in the limiting molar equivalent conductance and dissociation constants of lithium hydroxide in a wide range of state change parameters are proposed.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed on-line technique of testing the pH value of steam solutions, and mathematical models for calculating the limiting molar equivalent conductance and dissociation constants provide an acceptable error level calculations and the capability of measurements automation. With an increase in the vapor temperature up to 573.15 K, the necessity arises to fortify lithium hydroxide in the vapor to 10-2 mol/kg.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Цель работы — повышение надёжности методов прогнозирования поведения гидроксида лития в пароводяном тракте на ТЭС и АЭС и оперативного контроля водородного показателя паровых растворов. Разработан метод оперативного контроля на основе кондуктометрических измерений водородного показателя паровых растворов ингибитора коррозии конструкционных материалов гидроксида лития, применяемого на ТЭС и АЭС.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для практической реализации высокотемпературного оперативного контроля водородного показателя паровых растворов использован метод математического моделирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Разработан метод контроля водородного показателя паровых растворов гидроксида лития, основанный на определении концентрации в паре путём конденсации пара в охлаждаемом кондуктометрическом датчике, размещённом в паровом пространстве парогенератора, что позволило значительно повысить точность определения концентрации гидроксида лития. Предложены уравнения, описывающие изменение предельной молярной эквивалентной электропроводности и констант диссоциации гидроксида лития в широком диапазоне изменения параметров состояния.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключения</title><p>Обсуждение и заключения. Предложенные метод оперативного контроля водородного показателя паровых растворов и математические модели для расчёта предельной эквивалентной молярной электропроводности и констант диссоциации обеспечивают приемлемую для практических расчётов погрешность и возможность автоматизации измерений. При увеличении температуры пара до 573,15 K возникает необходимость в увеличении концентрации гидроксида лития в паре до 10-2 моль/кг.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>машиностроение</kwd><kwd>коррозионные  процессы</kwd><kwd>автоматический контроль</kwd><kwd>паровая фаза</kwd><kwd>кондуктометрические методы</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mechanical engineering</kwd><kwd>corrosion processes</kwd><kwd>automatic control</kwd><kwd>vapor phase</kwd><kwd>conductometric methods</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронов, В. Н. Водно-химические режимы ТЭС и АЭС / В. Н. Воронов, Т. И. Петрова. ― Москва : Издательский дом МЭИ, 2009. ― 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronov, V.N., Petrova, T.I. Vodno-khimicheskie rezhimy TES i AES. [Water chemistry regimes of thermal and nuclear power plants.] Moscow: MEIPubl. House, 2009, 238p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбатых, В. П. Перспективы использования гидроксида лития в контурах АЭС с ВВЭР / В. П. Горбатых, С. О. Иванов // Вестник Моск. энерг. ин-та. ― 2007. — № 1. ― С. 14–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbatykh, V.P., Ivanov, S.O. Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya gidroksidalitiya v konturakh AES s VVER. [Substantiation of lithium hydro-oxide application in contours of NPP with VVER reactor.] MPEI Vestnik, 2007, no.1, pp. 24–29(in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбатых, В. П. О возможности применения гидроксида лития на различных этапах жизненного цикла парогенераторов АЭС с ВВЭР / В. П. Горбатых, С. О. Иванов // Вестник Моск. энерг. ин-та. ― 2011. — № 2. ― С. 10–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbatykh,V.P., Ivanov, S.O. O vozmozhnosti primeneniya gidroksida litiya na razlichnykh etapakh zhiznennogo tsikla parogeneratorov AES s VVER. [About possibility of lithium hydroxide application at various stages of the life cycle of steam generators of NPP with WWER.] MPEI Vestnik, 2011, no. 2, pp. 10–14 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков, И. И. Исследование причин повреждения экранных труб барабанных котлов на литиевом водном режиме / И. И. Беляков, А. Ф. Белоконова, А. В. Михайлова // Электрические станции. ― 1980. — № 6. ― С. 30–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beluakov, I.I., Belokonova. A.F., Mikhaylova, A.V. Issledovanie prichin povrezhdeniya ekrannykh trub barabannykh kotlov na litievom vodnom rezhime. [Research intothe causes of damage to screen tubes of drum boilers in lithium water mode.] Power Technology and Engineering, 1980, no. 6, pp.30–34 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Совершенствование водно-химического режима второго контура на Калининской АЭС / С. П. Горбатенко [и др.] // Теплоэнергетика. ― 2001. — № 1. ― С. 22–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbatenko, S.P., etal. Sovershenstvovanievodno-khimicheskogorezhimavtorogokonturanaKalininskoy AES. [Improving water chemistry of the secondary circuit at the Kalinin NPP.] Thermal Engineerin, 2001, no.1, pp.22–28 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvajal-Ortiz R.A., Plugatyr A., Svishchev I.M. On the pH control at supercritical water-cooled reactor operating conditions // Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2012. ― V. 248. ― P. 340-342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvajal-Ortiz, R.A., Plugatyr, A., Svishchev, I.M. On the pH control at supercritical water-cooled reactor operating conditions. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2012, vol. 248, pp.340-342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shcherbakov V.N., Lukashov Yu.Yu, Lukashov Yu.M. Electrolytical properties of solution of lithium hydroxide at high temperatures and pressures // Thermal Engineering. 2013. ― V. 60. No. 4. ― P. 280-284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov, V.N., Lukashov, Yu.Yu., Lukashov, Yu.M. Electrolytical properties of solution of lithium hydroxide at high temperatures and pressures. Thermal Engineering, 2013, vol. 60, no. 4, pp.280-284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербаков, В. Н. Исследование электрофизических свойств водных теплоносителей при высоких параметрах : дис. … канд. техн. наук / В. Н. Щербаков. ― Москва, 1980. ― 204 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov, V.N. Issledovanie elektrofizicheskikh svoystv vodnykh teplonositeley pri vysokikh parametrakh: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk.[Investigation of the electrophysical properties of water coolants at high parameters: Cand. Sci. (Eng.) diss.] Moscow, 1980, 204 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandura A.V., Lvov S.N. The ionization constant of water over wide ranges of temperature and density // Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 2006. ― V. 35. No.1. P. 15-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandura, A.V., Lvov, S.N. The ionization constant of water over wide ranges of temperature and density. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 2006, vol.35, no.1, pp. 15-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров, А. А. Теплофизические свойства рабочих веществ теплоэнергетики. / А. А. Александров, К. А. Орлов, В. Ф. Очков. ― Москва : Издательский дом МЭИ, 2009. ― 225 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov, A.A., Orlov, K.A., Ochkov, V.F. Teplofizicheskie svoystva rabochikh veshchestv teploenergetiki. [Thermophysical properties of working agents of heat power engineering.] Moscow: MEI Publ. House, 2009, 225p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кондуктометрический датчик : авторское свидетельство 958943 СССР : G01N 27/02 / Д. Л. Тимрот [и др.]. ― № 3248961; заявл. 16.02.81; опубл. 15.09.82, Бюл. № 34. ― 3 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timrot, D.L., et al. Konduktometricheskiy datchik: avtorskoe svidetel'stvo 958943 SSSR: G01N 27/02. [Conductometric sensor.] USSR Authorship Certificate, no. 958943, 1982 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дамаскин, Б. Б. Электрохимия / Б. Б. Дамаскин, О. А. Петрий, Г. А. Цирлина. ― Москва : Химия, 2006. ― 672 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damaskin, B.B., Petriy, O.A., Tsirlina, G.A. Elektrokhimiya. [Electrochemistry.] Moscow: Khimiya, 2006, 672p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho P.C., Palmer D.A. Determination of ion association in dilute aqueous lithium chloride and lithium hydroxide solutions to 600C and 300 MPa by electrical conductance measurements // Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. 1998. ― V. 43. No.2. P. 162-170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho, P.C., Palmer, D.A. Determination of ion association in dilute aqueous lithium chloride and lithium hydroxide solutions to 600C and 300 MPa by electrical conductance measurements. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1998, vol. 43, no.2, pp. 162-170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho P.C., Bianchi H., Palmer D.A., Wood R.H. Conductivity of dilute aqueous electrolyte solutions at high temperatures and pressures using a flow cell // Journal of Solution Chemistry 2000. ― V. 29. No.2. P. 217-235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho, P.C., Bianchi, H., Palmer, D.A., Wood, R.H. Conductivity of dilute aqueous electrolyte solutions at high temperatures and pressures using a flow cell. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 2000, vol. 29, no.2, pp. 217-235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho P.C., Palmer D.A., Wood R.H. Conductivity measurements of dilute aqueous LiOH, NaOH and KOH solutions to high temperatures and pressures using a flow-through cell // Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2000. ― V. 104. No.50. P. 12084-12089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho, P.C., Palmer, D.A., Wood, R.H. Conductivity measurements of dilute aqueous LiOH, NaOH and KOH solutions to high temperatures and pressures using a flow-through cell. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, vol. 104, no.50, pp. 12084-12089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plugatyr A., Carvajal-Ortiz R.A., Svishchev I.M. Ion-pair association constant for LiOH in supercritical water // Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. ― V. 56. No.9. P. 3637-3642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plugatyr, A., Carvajal-Ortiz, R.A., Svishchev, I.M. Ion-pair association constant for LiOH in supercritical water. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 2011, vol. 56, no.9, pp. 3637-3642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Взаимосвязь между коэффициентами распределения примесей котловой воды и константами диссоциации / Г. В. Василенко [и др.] // Теплоэнергетика. ― 1995. — № 7. ― С. 64–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilenko, G.V., et al. Vzaimosvyaz' mezhdu koeffitsientami raspredeleniya primesey kotlovoy vody i konstantami dissotsiatsii. [Relationship between distribution coefficients of impurities of boiler water and dissociation constants.] Thermal Engineering, 1995, no. 7, pp.64–67 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
