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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/1992-5980-2020-20-2-125-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-1661</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Investigation of crack propagation in the surface white layer of rail steel</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование распространения трещины в поверхностном белом слое рельсовой стали</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-0431</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перелыгина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelygina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перелыгина Александра Юрьевна - и.о. заведующего кафедрой инженерной и компьютерной графики, кандидат технических наук.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p><p>Researcher ID AAF-1094-2020</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">perelygina@isru.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конюхов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyukhov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конюхов Владимир Юрьевич - профессор кафедры автоматизации и управления, кандидат технических наук, профессор.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p><p>Researcher ID AAE-5296-2020, Scopus ID 56769690400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">c12@ex.istu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-6587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балановский</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanovskii</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балановский Андрей Евгеньевич - доцент кафедры машиностроительных технологий и материалов, кандидат технических наук.</p><p>664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83.</p><p>Researcher ID AAE-2964-2020, Scopus ID 56375902200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">fuco.64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Perelygina A.Y., Konyukhov V.Y., Balanovskii A.E., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перелыгина А.Ю., Конюхов В.Ю., Балановский А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perelygina A.Y., Konyukhov V.Y., Balanovskii A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1661">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1661</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The paper is devoted to the evaluation of cracking of white layers formed on the surface of the rail while in operation. Cracks are detected in the white layer of rail steel after one thousand test cycles. This is due to tensile and shear stresses on the surface of the wheel-rail contact spot. The paper presents the study results of the morphological characteristics of the white layer on the rail surface.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The object of study (rail surface after operation) was examined under a microscope. Then, a two-dimensional model of finite elements of the plane deformation was developed to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the white layer cracking. Mathematical models describing crack propagation are proposed. For this, we applied the criterion of the elastic plastic fracture mechanics, the J-integral method. The SYSWELD program performed numerical modeling of the formation of a white layer and the distribution of residual stresses.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Optical images of the microstructure of the cross section of a white layer on the rail surface after operation are presented. Two different types of cracks were fixed at the trailing edge of the white layer of the samples studied. The SYSWELD program visualized fragments of simulating the mechanism of the white layer formation with the distribution of residual stresses, compression, and tension. The calculation results show that the values of the J-integral for all three cracks slightly decrease if the crack length reaches 10-50 gm.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained are applicable to assess the wear resistance of rail steels and predict the direction of crack growth. Comparisons of J-integral maxima have shown that under identical load conditions, crack no. 1 is likely to grow faster than cracks nos. 2 and 3. With an increase in the length of the crack, the maxima of the J-integral of all three cracks decreased.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Статья посвящена оценке растрескивания белых слоев, формирующихся на поверхности рельса в процессе эксплуатации. Трещины в белом слое рельсовой стали обнаруживаются уже после 1 тыс. циклов испытаний. Это объясняется растягивающими и сдвиговыми напряжениями на поверхности пятна контакта колеса и рельса. В работе представлены результаты исследований морфологических характеристик белого слоя на поверхности рельса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объект исследования (поверхность рельса после эксплуатации) рассматривался под микроскопом. Затем была разработана двумерная модель конечных элементов плоской деформации, чтобы моделировать динамические характеристики растрескивания белого слоя. Предложены математические модели, описывающие распространение трещины. Для этого применили критерий механики упругого пластического разрушения, метод J-интеграла. В программе SYSWELD выполнено численное моделирование образования белого слоя и распределения остаточных напряжений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Представлены оптические снимки микроструктуры поперечного сечения белого слоя на поверхности рельса после эксплуатации. На задней кромке белого слоя исследованных образцов зафиксированы два разных типа трещин. В программе SYSWELD визуализированы фрагменты моделирования механизма образования белого слоя с распределением остаточных напряжения, сжатия и растяжения. Результаты расчетов показывают, что значения J-интеграла для всех трех трещин немного уменьшаются, если длина трещины достигает 10-50 мкм.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключения</title><p>Обсуждение и заключения. Полученные результаты применимы для оценки износостойкости рельсовых сталей и прогнозирования направления роста трещины. Сравнения J-интегральных максимумов показали, что при одинаковых условиях нагрузки трещина №1, скорее всего, будет расти быстрее, чем трещины № 2 и 3. С увеличением длины трещины максимумы J-интеграла всех трех трещин уменьшались.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рельсовая сталь</kwd><kwd>белый слой</kwd><kwd>трещина</kwd><kwd>упругое пластическое разрушение</kwd><kwd>метод J-интеграла распределением остаточных напряжений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rail steel</kwd><kwd>white layer</kwd><kwd>crack</kwd><kwd>elastic plastic fracture</kwd><kwd>J-integral method</kwd><kwd>distribution of residual stresses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Когаев, В. П. Расчеты деталей машин и конструкций на прочность и долговечность / В. П. Когаев, Н.А. Махутов, А.П. Гусенков. — Москва : Машиностроение, 1985. — 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kogaev VP, Makhutov NA, Gusenkov AP. 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