<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2021-21-4-319-327</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-1813</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACHINE BUILDING AND MACHINE SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ И МАШИНОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Liquid temperature effect on the hydraulic shock wave velocity in polyethylene pipes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние температуры жидкости на скорость распространения гидравлической ударной волны в полиэтиленовых трубах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-9529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антибас</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antypas</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антибас Имад Ризакалла, доцент кафедры «Основы конструирования машин», кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57191988834" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus</ext-link>, <ext-link xlink:href="https://publons.com/researcher/1883256/imad-antypas/" ext-link-type="uri">Researcher</ext-link></p><p>344003, РФ, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imad.antypas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-4193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяченко</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyachenkо</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьяченко Алексей Геннадьевич, доцент кафедры «Основы конструирования машин», кандидат технических наук</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57201187343" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus</ext-link></p><p>344003, РФ, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey-a2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-7691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имад</surname><given-names>Саед Бакир</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imad</surname><given-names>Saed Bakir</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саед Бакир Имад, доцент кафедры «Сельскохозяйственное машиностроение», доктор технических наук,  доцент</p><p>САР, г. Алеппо, Университет Алеппо, механический факультет</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleppo, Syria</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakir-111@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Алеппо</institution><country>Сирия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Aleppo</institution><country>Syrian Arab Republic</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>319</fpage><lpage>327</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Antypas I.R., Dyachenkо A.G., Imad S.B., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антибас И.Р., Дьяченко А.Г., Имад С.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antypas I.R., Dyachenkо A.G., Imad S.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1813">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1813</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Providing people with high quality drinking water has always come first. However, its transportation through pipeline systems was often associated with some problems, such as the temperature of the water and the environment, as well as the possibility of water hammer on certain pipe sections. This was especially true for systems that use polyethylene pipes. Temperature is a key factor affecting the flexibility properties of polyethylene pipes, and it affects not only the design, but also the investment in the development of water supply networks. The purpose of these studies was to study the effect of water and ambient temperature on the density, properties of the pipe material and the speed of propagation of a hydraulic shock wave in polyethylene pipes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. In the experiments performed, the method of field research was used, when tests are carried out on specialized equipment on samples specially made for the pursued purposes. Here, samples of high-density polyethylene pipes were used, which were subjected to tensile tests on a tensile testing machine, and each experiment was carried out three times.</p><p>In the course of the experiments, the samples were exposed to certain temperature regimes (both external and internal), while the influence of the hydrodynamic pressure of the liquid in the pipe was also investigated, as a result of the change in time of the liquid velocity in its sections. To do this, the samples were supplied with liquid under a certain pressure in order to find out the influence on the pipes of an effect known as water hammer.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the course of the research, it was found that the value of the elastic modulus of high-density polyethylene PE100 decreases with increasing water temperature, and the decrease at a temperature of 60° C reaches 60.21% compared to its value at a water temperature of +4° C. Based on the results of experiments to determine the effect of the elastic modulus of polyethylene with increasing temperature, an exponential equation was derived to calculate the value of the polyethylene coefficient as a function of time E = 1.312e-0,01t with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.988 ; and based on the results of the studies carried out to calculate the value of the propagation velocity of a hydraulic shock wave, an exponential equation was derived as a function of time C = 275.9e-0,01t with the coefficient correlation R2 = 0.987 .</p><p>Discussion and Conclusions. In the course of the research, it was found that such a phenomenon as water hammer has a harmful effect on the pipe walls, which, if possible, should be avoided even at the design stage of the water supply network. During the experiments, it was found that with an increase in temperature, the values of the elastic modulus of polyethylene decreased with a simultaneous decrease in the values of the propagation velocity of the hydraulic shock wave.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Снабжение людей качественной питьевой водой всегда имело первостепенное значение. Но её транспортировка по трубопроводным системам зачастую бывает связана с проблемами, вызываемыми, например, температурой воды и окружающей среды, а также возможностью возникновения гидравлических ударов на отдельных участках труб. В большей степени эти проблемы касаются систем, в которых используются трубы из полиэтилена. Температура — это один из наиболее важных факторов, влияющих на гибкость полиэтиленовых труб, и этот фактор оказывает влияние не только на проектирование водопроводных сетей, но и на капиталовложения в их развитие. Целью настоящих исследований явилось изучение влияния температуры воды и окружающей среды на свойства материала труб и скорость распространения гидравлической ударной волны в полиэтиленовых трубах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проведенных авторами опытах применялся метод натурных исследований, когда для испытания используются специализированное оборудование и специально изготовленные для этих целей образцы. В данном случае использовались образцы труб из полиэтилена высокой плотности, которые подвергались испытаниям на растяжение на разрывной машине, причём каждый опыт проводился троекратно. В процессе проведения опытов образцы подвергались воздействию определённых температурных режимов (как внешних, так и внутренних), при этом исследовалось также влияние гидродинамического давления жидкости в трубе в результате изменения скорости жидкости в её секциях. Для этого в образцы подавалась жидкость под определённым давлением, чтобы выяснить влияние на трубы эффекта, известного как гидроудар.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В ходе исследования было установлено, что значение модуля упругости полиэтилена высокой плотности PE100 уменьшается с повышением температуры воды, причём величина снижения при температуре 60 °C достигает 60,21 % по сравнению с его значением при температуре воды +4 °C. В результате опытов по определению изменения модуля упругости полиэтилена с повышением температуры было выведено экспоненциальное уравнение для расчета значения полиэтиленового коэффициента как функции времени E = 1,312e-0,01t с коэффициентом корреляции R2 = 0,988 , а для расчета значения скорости  распространения гидравлической ударной волны было выведено экспоненциальное уравнение как функции времени C = 275,9e-0,01t с коэффициентом корреляции R2 = 0,987.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключения</title><p>Обсуждение и заключения. В результате экспериментов было установлено, что вредное воздействие на стенки труб оказывает такое явление, как гидроудар, возникновение которого по возможности необходимо избегать ещё на этапе проектирования водопроводной сети. В ходе исследования было определено, что с увеличением температуры значения модуля упругости полиэтилена уменьшались при одновременном понижении значений скорости распространения гидравлической ударной волны.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиэтиленовые трубы</kwd><kwd>температурный диапазон</kwd><kwd>гидроудар</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polyethylene pipes</kwd><kwd>temperature range</kwd><kwd>water hammer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Chao. The Research Status of the Wetting of Metal/Ceramic in the High Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials / Li Chao, Wang Yan Jun, Qin Ke, et al. // International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. — 2016. — Vol. 5. — P. 108–112. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160502.22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Chao. The Research Status of the Wetting of Metal/Ceramic in the High Temperature Self-Lubricating Materials / Li Chao, Wang Yan Jun, Qin Ke, et al. // International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. — 2016. — Vol. 5. — P. 108–112. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160502.22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amer Karnoub. Investigation of the impact behavior for composite materials reinforced by glass fibers / Amer Karnoub, Hajian Huang, Imad Antypas // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Engineering and Innovative Technologies. — 2020. — Vol. 1515 — Art. 042081. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1515/4/042081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amer Karnoub. Investigation of the impact behavior for composite materials reinforced by glass fibers / Amer Karnoub, Hajian Huang, Imad Antypas // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Engineering and Innovative Technologies. — 2020. — Vol. 1515 — Art. 042081. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1515/4/042081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antypas, I. R. The influence of polyethylene processing on the plastic containers blowing / I. R. Antypas // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. — 2020. — Vol. 1515. — Art. 042042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/4/042042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antypas, I. R. The influence of polyethylene processing on the plastic containers blowing / I. R. Antypas // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. — 2020. — Vol. 1515. — Art. 042042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/4/042042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qingquan Lai. Enhanced wetting of dual-phase metallic solids by liquid metals: A new effect of interfacial reaction / Qingquan Lai, Lei Zhang, N. Eustathopoulos // Acta Materialia. — 2013. — Vol. 61, P. 4127–4134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qingquan Lai. Enhanced wetting of dual-phase metallic solids by liquid metals: A new effect of interfacial reaction / Qingquan Lai, Lei Zhang, N. Eustathopoulos // Acta Materialia. — 2013. — Vol. 61, P. 4127–4134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buekens, A. Recycling of WEEE plastics: a review / Alfons Buekens, Jie Yang // Journal of material Cycle and Waste Management. — 2014. — Vol. 16. — P. 415–434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buekens, A. Recycling of WEEE plastics: a review / Alfons Buekens, Jie Yang // Journal of material Cycle and Waste Management. — 2014. — Vol. 16. — P. 415–434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antypas, I. R. Improvement of mechanical behavior of neoprene rubber by means of glass fiber / I.R. Antypas // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Engineering and Innovative Technologies. — 2021. — Vol. 1889. — Art. 042007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antypas, I. R. Improvement of mechanical behavior of neoprene rubber by means of glass fiber / I.R. Antypas // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Engineering and Innovative Technologies. — 2021. — Vol. 1889. — Art. 042007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wuyi Wan. Sensitivity analysis for the resistance on the performance of a pressure vessel for water hammer protection / Wuyi Wan, Wenrui Huang, Cong Li // Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology. — 2014. — Vol. 136. — Art. 011303. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4025829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wuyi Wan. Sensitivity analysis for the resistance on the performance of a pressure vessel for water hammer protection / Wuyi Wan, Wenrui Huang, Cong Li // Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology. — 2014. — Vol. 136. — Art. 011303. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4025829</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan Gao. Simplified dispersion relationships for fluid-dominated axisymmetric wave motion in buried fluid- filled pipes / Yan Gao, Fusheng Sui, Jennifer M. Muggleton, et al. Journal of Sound and Vibration. — 2016. — Vol. 375. — P. 386–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan Gao. Simplified dispersion relationships for fluid-dominated axisymmetric wave motion in buried fluid- filled pipes / Yan Gao, Fusheng Sui, Jennifer M. Muggleton, et al. Journal of Sound and Vibration. — 2016. — Vol. 375. — P. 386–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jinzhe Gong. Detecting thinner-walled pipe sections using a spark transient pressure wave generator / Jinzhe Gong, Martin F. Lambert, Si T. N. Nguyen, et al. // Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. — 2018. — Vol. 144. — P. 1–8. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jinzhe Gong. Detecting thinner-walled pipe sections using a spark transient pressure wave generator / Jinzhe Gong, Martin F. Lambert, Si T. N. Nguyen, et al. // Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. — 2018. — Vol. 144. — P. 1–8. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lars-Eric Janson. Plastics pipes for water supply and sewage disposal / Lars-Eric Janson. — Stockholm: Borealis, 2003. — 404 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lars-Eric Janson. Plastics pipes for water supply and sewage disposal / Lars-Eric Janson. — Stockholm: Borealis, 2003. — 404 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Twyman, J. Wave Speed Calculation For Water Hammer Analysis / John Twyman. — Obras y Proyectos. — 2016. — Vol. 20. — P. 86–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Twyman, J. Wave Speed Calculation For Water Hammer Analysis / John Twyman. — Obras y Proyectos. — 2016. — Vol. 20. — P. 86–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Espinoza-Moreno, G. Effect of the Temperature in Negative Pressure Wave Methods for Real Time Leak Location Applied to Plastic Water Pipelines / G. Espinoza-Moreno, O. Begovich // Memorias del XVI Congreso Latinoamericano de Control Automático, CLCA. — Mexico: Cancún, Quintana Roo, 2014. — P. 564–569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Espinoza-Moreno, G. Effect of the Temperature in Negative Pressure Wave Methods for Real Time Leak Location Applied to Plastic Water Pipelines / G. Espinoza-Moreno, O. Begovich // Memorias del XVI Congreso Latinoamericano de Control Automático, CLCA. — Mexico: Cancún, Quintana Roo, 2014. — P. 564–569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chadwick, A. Hydraulics in civil and environmental engineering / Andrew Chadwick, John Morfett, Martin Borthwick. — CRC Press, 2021. — 652 p. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:9(724)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chadwick, A. Hydraulics in civil and environmental engineering / Andrew Chadwick, John Morfett, Martin Borthwick. — CRC Press, 2021. — 652 p. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:9(724)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei-Li Wu. High density polyethylene film toughened with polypropylene and linear low density polyethylene / Wei-Li Wu, Yi-Wen Wang // Materials Letters. — 2019. — Vol. 257. — Art. 126689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei-Li Wu. High density polyethylene film toughened with polypropylene and linear low density polyethylene / Wei-Li Wu, Yi-Wen Wang // Materials Letters. — 2019. — Vol. 257. — Art. 126689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
