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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2021-21-4-364-375</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-1817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evaluation of the elastic modulus of pavement layers using different types of neural networks models</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка модуля упругости слоев дорожного покрытия с использованием различных типов моделей нейронных сетей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-4769</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елшами</surname><given-names>М. М.М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elshamy</surname><given-names>M. M.M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону; </p><p>Каир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohamed Mostafa Mahmoud Elshamy, PhD student of the Motorways Department, Don State Technical University; assistant lecturer at the Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University,</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57219051141" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus</ext-link></p><p>1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003, RF; 11884, Arab Republic of Egypt/Egypt, Cairo, Nasr-City</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mm.elshamy85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5912-1235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тиратурян</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tiraturyan</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tiraturyan, Artem N., associate professor of the Motorways Department,  Dr.Sci. (Eng.), associate professor</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57190178833" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus</ext-link>, <ext-link xlink:href="https://publons.com/researcher/2042121/artem-n-tiraturjan/" ext-link-type="uri">Researcher</ext-link></p><p>1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tiraturjan@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-2427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Углова</surname><given-names>Е. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uglova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Uglova, Evgeniya V., associate professor of the Motorways Department, Dr.Sci. (Eng.), professor</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16465973700" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus</ext-link>, <ext-link xlink:href="https://publons.com/researcher/3764529/evgeniya-uglova/" ext-link-type="uri">Researcher</ext-link></p><p>1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uglova.ev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»; &#13;
Аль-Азхар университет</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University&#13;
Al-Azhar University</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>364</fpage><lpage>375</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Elshamy M.M., Tiraturyan A.N., Uglova E.V., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Елшами М.М., Тиратурян А.Н., Углова Е.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Elshamy M.M., Tiraturyan A.N., Uglova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1817">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/1817</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This paper studies the capability of different types of artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the modulus of elasticity of pavement layers for flexible asphalt pavement under operating conditions. The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) was selected to simulate the dynamic traffic loads and measure the flexural bowls on the road surface to obtain the database of ANN models.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Artificial networks types (the feedforward backpropagation, layer-recurrent, cascade back- propagation, and Elman backpropagation) are developed to define the optimal ANN model using Matlab software. To appreciate the efficiency of every model, we used the constructed ANN models for predicting the elastic modulus values for 25 new pavement sections that were not used in the process of training, validation, or testing to ensure its suitability. The efficiency measures such as mean absolute error (MAE), the coefficient of multiple determinations R2, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) values were obtained for all models results.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the performance parameters, it was concluded that among these algorithms, the feed-forward model has a better performance compared to the other three ANN types. The results of the best four models were compared to each other and to the actual data obtained to determine the best method.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusions. The differences between the results of the four best models for the four types of algorithms used were very small, as they showed the closeness between them and the actual values. The research results confirm the possibility of ANN-based models to evaluate the elastic modulus of pavement layers speedily and reliably for using it in the structural assessment of (NDT) flexible pavement data at the appropriate time.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Данная статья посвящена исследованию способности искусственных нейронных сетей различных типов прогнозировать модуль упругости слоев нежестких дорожных одежд в условиях эксплуатации. Для моделирования динамических нагрузок дорожного движения и измерения чаш прогибов на поверхности покрытия для получения базы данных моделей ИНС была использована установка ударного нагружения FWD.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Были разработаны типы искусственных нейронных сетей (сетей обучающихся по принципу прямого обратного распространения, послойного рекуррентного распространения, каскадного обратного распространения и обратного распространения Элмана) для определения оптимальной модели ИНС с использованием программного обеспечения Matlab. Чтобы оценить эффективность каждой модели были использованы разработанные модели ИНС для прогнозирования значений модуля упругости для 25 новых участков дорожных одежд, которые не использовались в процессе обучения, проверки или тестирования, чтобы убедиться в их пригодности. Для всех результатов моделей были получены такие показатели эффективности, как средняя абсолютная ошибка (MAE), коэффициент детерминации R2, среднеквадратическая ошибка (RMSE), значения абсолютная процентная ошибка (MAPE).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Исходя из параметров эффективности, было сделано заключение, что среди этих алгоритмов модель распространения прямой связи обладает лучшей производительностью по сравнению с тремя другими типами ИНС. Результаты четырех лучших моделей сравнивались друг с другом и с реальными полученными данными для определения наиболее подходящего метода.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключения</title><p>Обсуждение и заключения. Различия между результатами четырех лучших моделей для четырех типов используемых алгоритмов были очень малы, так как они показали близость между ними и фактическими значениями. Результаты исследования подтверждают возможность моделей на основе ИНС быстро и надежно оценивать модуль упругости слоев дорожного покрытия для его использования в структурной оценке (NDT) нежестких дорожных одежд.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>асфальтовые покрытия</kwd><kwd>искусственные нейронные сети (ИНС)</kwd><kwd>дефлектометр падающего веса (FWD)</kwd><kwd>сеть обратного распространения</kwd><kwd>неразрушающий тест (NDT)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>asphalt pavements</kwd><kwd>artificial neural networks (ANN)</kwd><kwd>falling weight deflectometer (FWD)</kwd><kwd>backpropagation network</kwd><kwd>nondestructive test (NDT)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Researcher Mohamed Mostafa Elshamy is funded by a scholarship under the executive program between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rukavina T, Ožbolt M. 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