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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2024-24-2-135-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TDJYXD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Analysis of the Drag-Reduction Ability of the Layout and Cross-Sectional Shapes of Subsea Structures in the Critical Flow Mode</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ возможности снижения лобового сопротивления за счёт расположения  и поперечных сечений подводных конструкций в потоке критического режима</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-499X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аннапе</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Annapeh</surname><given-names>H. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Генри Францис Аннапе, лаборант лаборатории вибрационного и гидродинамического моделирования </p><p>625000, г. Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Henry Francis Annapeh, Research Assistant, Laboratory of Vibration and Hydrodynamics Modelling</p><p>38, Volodarskogo Str., Tyumen, 625000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kinghenry939@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-5789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курушина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurushina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Александровна Курушина, заведующий лаборатории вибрационного и гидродинамического моделирования</p><p>625000, г. Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Kurushina, Head of the Laboratory of Vibration and Hydrodynamics Modelling</p><p>38, Volodarskogo Str., Tyumen, 625000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.kurushina@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Industrial University of Tyumen</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Annapeh H.F., Kurushina V.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аннапе Г.Ф., Курушина В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Annapeh H.F., Kurushina V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2213">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2213</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Slender structures of subsea energy production systems are under constant influence of currents and waves. Hydrodynamic loads result from the interaction of subsea pipelines, umbilicals, equipment supports with fluid flows, and lead to the vortex formation in the area behind the structures. Vortex-induced forces are the sources of the cyclic loading. They accelerate gradually the fatigue damage, which may result in a failure. One of the ways to reduce the loads on subsea structures is to alter the shape of a cross-section, taking into account the flow regime. Dependence of the resulting hydrodynamic loads on the cross-sectional shape and relative position of structures has not been studied in details for the uniform flow in the critical mode. The current work is aimed at filling this gap. The research objective is to consider the impact of the distance between the structures, and also, the presence of a D-shaped structure, placed upstream relative to the group of three cylinders of different cross-sectional shapes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The computational fluid dynamics approach was used in this work for numerical simulations of vortex-induced forces in the ANSYS Fluent software for cylinder with D = 0.3 m. Modelling was conducted with the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) method, which combined advantages of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation (RANS) method and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method. The object of the research was the system of four structures in the 2D computational domain, which included the upstream D-shaped cylinder and the main group of three cylinders with the circular, squared and diamond shapes of the cross-section. The transient process was considered, where structures were under the influence of the uniform flow in the critical regime at Re = 2.5×10⁵.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Five sets of data were obtained in simulations for the time-dependent coefficients of the lift and drag forces: for the main system — of the D-shaped, circular, square and diamond structures, and also for the four systems — of only D-shaped, only circular, only square and only diamond shaped structures. Additional analysis was conducted for the effect of the distance between the structures on the amplitude of fluctuating hydrodynamic force coefficients. The obtained results are presented as time histories of coefficients of the lift and drag forces, frequency analysis and contours of velocity, pressure and vorticity fields. The results indicate a positive effect of the upstream D-shaped structure on reducing the drag force, acting on the central structure in the group of three cylinders located downstream.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the performed studies facilitate the informed decisions regarding the arrangement of subsea structures in a group of four objects, depending on the cross-sectional shape and the distance between the structures. The upstream D-shaped structure provides reducing the hydrodynamic drag force acting on the central structure in the downstream group of three structures, thereby slowing the fatigue accumulation and increasing the time of safe operation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Длинные и узкие в поперечнике конструкции морских энергодобывающих систем находятся под постоянным воздействием течений и волн. Гидродинамические нагрузки являются результатом взаимодействия подводных трубопроводов, шлангокабелей, опор оборудования с потоком жидкости и приводят к образованию вихрей в зоне за конструкциями. Вихреобразовательные силы служат источником циклического нагружения и постепенно ускоряют усталостное разрушение, что может привести к авариям. Одним из способов снижения нагрузок на подводные конструкции является изменение формы их поперечного сечения с учетом режима потока. Недостаточно изучено, каким образом итоговые гидродинамические нагрузки зависят от формы поперечного сечения и взаимного расположения названных выше элементов систем, находящихся в равномерном критическом потоке. Представленная научная работа призвана восполнить этот пробел. Цель исследования — рассмотреть в данном контексте значение расстояния между конструкциями, а также наличие полукруглой D-образной конструкции, размещённой перед группой из трёх цилиндров с разными поперечными сечениями.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для численного моделирования вихреобразовательных сил использовался метод вычислительной динамики флюидов в программе ANSYS Fluent для цилиндров диаметром D = 0,3 м. Моделирование выполнено методом неприсоединённых вихрей DES, который сочетает в себе преимущества метода усреднённого по Рейнольдсу уравнения Навье-Стокса RANS и метода крупных вихрей LES. В качестве объекта исследования рассматривалась система, состоящая из четырёх конструкций в вычислительном домене в 2D, включая стоящий выше по течению полукруглый цилиндр и основную группу из трёх цилиндров круглой, квадратной и ромбовидной формы поперечного сечения. Эти конструкции в условиях неустановившегося процесса находятся под действием равномерного потока критического режима при Re = 2,5×10⁵.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В результате моделирования получены пять наборов данных для изменяющихся во времени коэффициентов вихреобразовательных подъёмной силы и силы сопротивления: для основной системы из полукруглой, круглой, квадратной и ромбовидной конструкции, а также для четырёх систем из только полукруглых, только круглых, только квадратных и только ромбовидных конструкций. Дополнительно проведён анализ влияния расстояния между конструкциями на амплитуду колебаний коэффициентов гидродинамических сил. Полученные результаты представлены в виде коэффициентов подъёмной силы и силы сопротивления в динамике, анализа частот и контуров полей скорости, давления, завихрённости. Результаты позволяют установить положительное влияние стоящей выше по течению полукруглой конструкции на снижение силы сопротивления на центральную конструкцию в группе из трёх цилиндров ниже по течению.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Результаты проведённых исследований позволяют принимать обоснованные решения для расстановки морских конструкций в группе из четырёх объектов в зависимости от формы поперечного сечения и расстояния между ними. Установка полукруглой конструкции выше по течению позволяет снизить гидродинамическую силу сопротивления на центральную конструкцию в группе из трёх конструкций ниже по течению, что замедляет её усталостное разрушение и увеличивает срок эксплуатации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вихреобразовательные силы</kwd><kwd>коэффициент лобового сопротивления</kwd><kwd>коэффициент подъемной силы</kwd><kwd>равномерный поток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vortex-induced forces</kwd><kwd>drag coefficient</kwd><kwd>lift coefficient</kwd><kwd>uniform flow</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Национального проекта «Наука и университеты» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (грант номер FEWN–2021–0012).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is done with the financial support of the National Project “Science and Universities” from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant no. 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