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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2024-24-3-264-273</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VVRPYB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Determination of Dynamic Stresses and Displacements under the Action of an Impact Load on a Two-Layer Structure during the Indentation Process</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение динамических напряжений и перемещений при действии ударной нагрузки на двухслойную конструкцию в процессе индентирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-2765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабушкина</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babushkina</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Евгеньевна Бабушкина, ассистент кафедры вычислительной техники и программирования</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia E. Babushkina, Teaching assistant of the Computer Engineering and Programming Department</p><p>1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-8504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Ляпин, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой информационных систем в строительстве</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr A. Lyapin, Dr.Sci. (Phys.-Math. ), Professor, Head of the Information Systems in Construction Department</p><p>1, Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>264</fpage><lpage>273</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Babushkina N.E., Lyapin A.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабушкина Н.Е., Ляпин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babushkina N.E., Lyapin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2256">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2256</self-uri><abstract><p>Introduction. Numerous researchers of the reliability of building structures pay attention to hardness, an important characteristic of the structural material. It is determined by indentation — pressing the tip of the tool into the surface. The advantages of dynamic indentation methods and the distribution of stress intensity on the surface and inside the sample are investigated. However, the condition of layered materials on impact has been poorly studied. The objective of the presented work is to consider indentation for a two-layer sample and determine the sensitivity of the top layer to the strength of the substrate. This will allow us to identify significant characteristics of the strength properties of homogeneous and heterogeneous structures.Materials and Methods. An elastoplastic model of material behavior and a shock indentation scheme were used, which took into account the masses of the indenter and the striker coupled by linear springs. The surface of the indenter was conical, the opening angle was 120°. The impact was simulated in the MATLAB system. Finite element model in Ansys APDL was used to verify the data and analyze the results of the experiment. Traditional models of elasticity theory were used for calculations. The behavior of the material in the zone of plastic deformation was described using the options of multilinear isotropic hardening and the von Mises plasticity criterion.Results. The results of comparing three versions of varying the level of yield strength in the bottom layer are presented: when the yield strength in the bottom layer is half as high as the top one, equal to it, and twice as high. Displacements at different observation points for samples with a top layer of 2 mm and 1 mm were analyzed. In the first case, under horizontal shear, the displacement indices inside the sample did not change if the yield strength level was twice lower or higher than in the top one. If these indicators were equal, the difference became noticeable. In the second case (layer 1 mm), the difference in displacement was visible at all observation points. Thus, it can be reasonably concluded that a structure with a smaller top layer is more sensitive to impact. In the course of the research, it became known that vibrations associated with the transition to the plasticity zone occurred in the 2 mm zone, and elastic damping vibrations occurred below this zone. We solved the classification problem for the top layer of the material with changing characteristics of the base. The indicator for comparison was the Brinell hardness (HB) in the range of 200–600. The results were processed using a neural network and visualized in the form of graphs. The accuracy of its calculations was 98%.Discussion and Conclusion. To determine the strength properties of homogeneous structures, it is sufficient to characterize the speed of displacement inside the sample. For an inhomogeneous structure, additional parameters should be introduced — displacements on the surface and inside the sample at fixed observation points. An integrated approach to determining the strength properties of an inhomogeneous structure improves the accuracy of calculations, and the use of neural networks increases their speed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Многие исследователи надежности строительных конструкций уделяют внимание твердости — важной характеристике конструкционного материала. Ее определяют индентированием — вдавливанием наконечника инструмента в поверхность. Исследуются преимущества методов динамического индентирования, распределение интенсивности напряжений на поверхности и внутри образца. Однако мало изучено состояние слоистых материалов при ударе. Цели представленной работы — рассмотреть индентирование для двухслойного образца и определить чувствительность верхнего слоя к прочности подложки. Это позволит выявить значимые характеристики прочностных свойств однородных и неоднородных конструкций.Материалы и методы. Использовали упруго-пластическую модель поведения материала и схему ударного индентирования, которая учитывает массы индентора и ударника, сцепленных линейными пружинами. Поверхность индентора — коническая, угол раскрытия — 120°. Удар моделировали в системе Matlab. Конечноэлементную модель в Ansys APDL применили для верификации данных и анализа результатов эксперимента. Для расчетов взяли традиционные модели теории упругости. Поведение материала в области пластического деформирования описали с помощью опций мультилинейного изотропного упрочнения и критерия пластичности Мизеса.Результаты исследования. Приводятся итоги сопоставления трех вариантов варьирования уровня предела текучести в нижнем слое: когда предел текучести в нижнем слое вдвое меньше верхнего, равен ему и вдвое больше. Проанализированы перемещения в разных точках наблюдения для образцов с верхним слоем 2 мм и 1 мм. В первом случае при горизонтальном сдвиге не меняются показатели перемещений внутри образца, если уровень предела текучести вдвое ниже или выше, чем в верхнем. При равенстве этих показателей разница становится заметной. Во втором случае (слой 1 мм) разница перемещений видна во всех точках наблюдения. Так можно обоснованно заключить, что конструкция с меньшим верхним слоем более чувствительна к ударному воздействию. В ходе изысканий стало известно, что в зоне 2 мм совершаются колебания, связанные с переходом в зону пластичности, ниже этой зоны — упругие затухающие колебания. Решили задачу классификации для верхнего слоя материала с меняющимися характеристиками основания. Показатель для сравнения — твердость по Бринеллю (НВ) в диапазоне 200–600. Результаты визуализировали в виде графиков и обработали с помощью нейросети. Точность ее вычислений составила 98 %.Обсуждение и заключение. Для определения прочностных свойств однородных конструкций достаточно характеристики скорости перемещения внутри образца. Для неоднородной структуры необходимо вводить дополнительные параметры — перемещения на поверхности и внутри образца в фиксированных точках наблюдений. Комплексный подход к определению прочностных свойств неоднородной конструкции повышает точность расчетов, а использование нейросетей — их скорость. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>многослойная конструкция</kwd><kwd>слоистый материал при ударе</kwd><kwd>уровень предела текучести</kwd><kwd>твердость по Бринеллю</kwd><kwd>прочность неоднородной конструкции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multilayer structure</kwd><kwd>layered material on impact</kwd><kwd>yield strength level</kwd><kwd>Brinell hardness</kwd><kwd>strength of heterogeneous structure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyapin A, Beskopylny A, Meskhi B. Structural Monitoring of Underground Structures in Multi-Layer Media by Dynamic Methods. 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