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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2025-25-4-2218</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">XHHEDX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Iterative Model of Elastic Deformation of a Particle Conglomerate Taking into Account the Compressibility of the Medium during Pressing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Итерационная модель упругого деформирования конгломерата частиц с учетом сжимаемости среды в процессе прессования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-9615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрианов</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrianov</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Константинович Андрианов, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Авиастроение и компьютерное проектирование» </p><p>681013, г. Комсомольск-на-Амуре, пр. Ленина, 27</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57209342766</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan K. Andrianov, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Aircraft Engineering and ComputerAided Design</p><p>27, Lenin Prospect, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57209342766 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan_andrianov_90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-9111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Иванов, доктор технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры «Электромеханика»</p><p>681013, г. Комсомольск-на-Амуре, пр. Ленина, 27</p><p>ResearcherID: Q-1869-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Ivanov, Dr.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Electrical Engineering Department</p><p>27, Lenin Prospect, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013</p><p>ResearcherID: Q-1869-2015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snivanov57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8702-9713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурнова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Константиновна Чепурнова, лаборант-исследователь, кафедра «Авиастроение и компьютерное проектирование»</p><p>681013, г. Комсомольск-на-Амуре, пр. Ленина, 27</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 58188622200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Chepurnova, research laboratory assistant of the Department of Aircraft Engineering and Computer-Aided Design</p><p>27, Lenin Prospect, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 681013</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 58188622200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el.chep@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>290</fpage><lpage>299</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Andrianov I.K., Ivanov S.N., Chepurnova E.K., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрианов И.К., Иванов С.Н., Чепурнова Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andrianov I.K., Ivanov S.N., Chepurnova E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2538">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2538</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Briquetting and pressing of wood and other powdered materials are becoming key processes in the circular economy and recycling of wood processing waste. Accurate calculation of compaction pressure is essential for equipment selection and optimization, making the task of modeling the deformation of conglomerates both practical and economically significant. The literature addresses the mechanics of powder media, porous materials, and the modeling of elastic-plastic deformations of granular conglomerates. However, most models assume fixed mechanical characteristics or approximations that do not account for the dependence of strength and elastic properties on changing density under compression. This leaves a gap in theoretical and applied approaches to adequately calculating pressure for materials with variable density. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop an approach for calculating the compaction pressure of a particle conglomerate as a function of the degree of elastic compression, taking into account changes in the mechanical characteristics of the medium.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. In the mathematical description of the research problem, the provisions of the theory of elasticity were used. Based on the principle of superposition, the process of medium deformation was divided into a number of stages, within which the particle conglomerate received a small increment in height, and the mechanical characteristics assumed a constant value. The proposed approach for determining the compaction pressure was based on the solution to a series of inverse elastic problems in which the displacement of the upper boundary of a conglomerate of rectangular particles was specified, and the normal stress that caused this increment was sought. To account for changes in the density of the medium during deformation, the method of sequential loads was used, within each of them, the density was taken to be constant and was determined depending on the magnitude of the total compressive deformation. The Hencky strain, which has the property of additivity, was used as a measure of deformation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As part of the study, an iterative model was constructed for calculating the compaction pressure of a particle conglomerate when the mechanical characteristics change depending on the degree of elastic compression. Series of test calculations were conducted using a conglomerate of wood particles, whose Young's modulus is described by a power-law density function. At each stage of deformation, the elastic constants of the material were assumed to be constant, depending on the density of the medium. Using the equilibrium equation and the superposition principle, based on the results of solving elastic deformation problems, the compaction pressure was calculated at each loading stage, and the dependence of the compaction pressure on the magnitude of the compressive deformation and the degree of compaction was constructed.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The obtained results of deformation of the medium taking into account the change in mechanical characteristics depending on the degree of compression showed a clearly expressed nonlinearity of the curve of dependence of the compaction pressure on the compression deformation — with an increase in pressure, both the degree of compaction of the medium and the compression deformation increase. A comparative analysis of calculations using the example of a conglomerate of wood particles under the condition of a constant density of the medium and taking into account the change in density during the deformation process revealed a significant error in estimating the compaction pressure when averaging the density or when using constant density values corresponding to the initial (undeformed) or final state.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The constructed iterative model allows for calculating the compaction pressure of a particle conglomerate, taking into account changes in mechanical properties under elastic compression. The proposed approach accounts for the nonlinearity of the compaction pressure dependence on the degree of compaction of the medium and can be applied to briquetting processes for wood waste.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Процессы брикетирования и прессования древесных и других порошкообразных материалов становятся ключевыми в круговой экономике и утилизации отходов деревообработки. Точный расчет давления прессования необходим для выбора оборудования и оптимизации режимов, что делает задачу моделирования деформирования конгломератов практически и экономически значимой. В литературе рассматриваются механика порошковых сред, пористых материалов и моделирование упругопластических деформаций гранулярных конгломератов; однако большинство моделей предполагает фиксированные механические характеристики или аппроксимации, не учитывающие зависимость прочности и упругих свойств от изменяющейся плотности при сжатии. Это оставляет пробел в теоретических и прикладных подходах к адекватному расчету давления для материалов с переменной плотностью. Поэтому целью данной работы является разработка подхода для расчета давления прессования конгломерата частиц как функцию степени упругого сжатия с учетом изменения механических характеристик среды.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При математическом описании исследуемой задачи использовались положения теории упругости. На основании принципа суперпозиции процесс деформирования среды разбивался на несколько этапов, в каждом из которых среда получала малое приращение по высоте, а механические характеристики оставались постоянными. Предложенный метод определения давления прессования опирался на решение серии обратных упругих задач, в которых задавалось перемещение верхней границы конгломерата прямоугольных частиц и искалось нормальное напряжение, вызвавшее это приращение. Для учёта изменения плотности среды в процессе деформирования применялся метод последовательных нагружений — в пределах каждого из них плотность принималась постоянной и определялась в зависимости от величины суммарной деформации сжатия. В качестве меры деформации использовалась деформация Генки, обладающая свойством аддитивности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В рамках исследования построена итерационная модель расчёта давления прессования конгломерата частиц при изменении механических характеристик в зависимости от степени упругого сжатия. Проведены серии тестовых расчётов на примере конгломерата древесных частиц, у которых модуль Юнга описывается степенной функцией плотности. На каждом этапе деформирования упругие константы материала принимались постоянными в зависимости от плотности среды. С использованием уравнения равновесия и принципа суперпозиции по результатам решения задач упругого деформирования было вычислено давление прессования на каждом этапе нагружения, а также построена зависимость давления прессования от величины деформации сжатия и степени уплотнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные результаты деформирования среды с учётом изменения механических характеристик в зависимости от степени сжатия показали явно выраженную нелинейность кривой зависимости давления прессования от деформации сжатия — при возрастании давления увеличиваются как степень уплотнения среды, так и деформация сжатия. Сравнительный анализ расчётов на примере конгломерата древесных частиц при условии постоянной плотности среды и с учётом изменения плотности в процессе деформирования выявил значительную погрешность оценки давления прессования при усреднении плотности либо при использовании постоянных значений плотности, соответствующих начальному (недеформированному) или конечному состоянию.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Построенная итерационная модель позволяет рассчитать давление прессования конгломерата частиц с учётом изменения механических характеристик при упругом сжатии. Предложенный подход учитывает нелинейность зависимости давления прессования от степени уплотнения среды и может быть применён в процессах брикетирования отходов деревообработки.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прессование</kwd><kwd>сжимаемость</kwd><kwd>плотность</kwd><kwd>конгломерат частиц</kwd><kwd>последовательное нагружение</kwd><kwd>напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pressing</kwd><kwd>compressibility</kwd><kwd>density</kwd><kwd>particle conglomerate</kwd><kwd>sequential loading</kwd><kwd>stress-strain state</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-29-00089 https://rscf.ru/project/24-29-00089/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is done with the financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 24-29-00089), https://rscf.ru/project/24-29-00089/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazarenko VA, Pushkarev OI, Goncharova AV. 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