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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2026-26-1-2249</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LVDSKQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2628</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mathematical Model of the Thermal Regime of a Small-Sized Convective Dehydrator and Identification of Its Parameters</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Математическая модель теплового режима малогабаритного конвективного дегидратора и идентификация его параметров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-6569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Дмитриевич Лукьянов, кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Автоматизация производственных процессов»</p><p>344010, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: J-1519-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57110062300</p><p>SPIN-код: 8423-1557</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr D. Lukyanov, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Automation of Production Processes</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344010</p><p>ResearcherID: J-1519-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57110062300</p><p>SPIN-code: 8423-1557</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lex1998@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravlev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Журавлев, владелец и научный руководитель</p><p>344009, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пр. Шолохова, 294/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Zhuravlev, Owner and Scientific Director</p><p>294/3 Sholokhov Ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@gruvior.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-4602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петкович</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petković</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марко Петкович, PhD, доцент кафедры «Технология растительного сырья» факультета агрономии</p><p>32102, г. Чачак, ул. Царя Душана, 34</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55348954500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marko Petković, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Technology of Plant Raw Materials</p><p>34, Car Dušan Str., Čačak, 32102</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55348954500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marko.petkovic@kg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-7371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппович</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filipović</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Филиппович, PhD, научный сотрудник технологического факультета</p><p>21101, г. Нови-Сад, бульвар Царя Лазаря, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: S-8582-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55402713000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Filipović, PhD, Principal Research Fellow, Faculty of Technology</p><p>1, Car Lazar Boulevard, Novi Sad, 21101</p><p>ResearcherID: S-8582-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55402713000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladaf@uns.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-7849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милетич</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miletić</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неманья Милетич, PhD, доцент кафедры «Технология растительного сырья» факультета агрономии</p><p>32102, г. Чачак, ул. Царя Душана, 34</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 24366992900</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nemanja Miletić, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Technology of Plant Raw Materials</p><p>34, Car Dušan Str., Čačak, 32102</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 24366992900</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.m.miletic@kg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-7758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донской</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Donskoy</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данила Юрьевич Донской, ассистент кафедры «Автоматизация производственных процессов»</p><p>344010, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: U-5984-2019</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57204638278</p><p>SPIN-код: 6527-8415</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danila Yu. Donskoy, Assistant Professor of the Department of Automation of Production Processes</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344010</p><p>ResearcherID: U-5984-2019</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57204638278</p><p>SPIN-code: 6527-8415</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dand22@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Грувиор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gruvior LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Крагуевацкий университет</institution><country>Сербия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Kragujevac</institution><country>Serbia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Нови-Сада</institution><country>Сербия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Novi Sad</institution><country>Serbia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>2249</fpage><lpage>2249</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Lukyanov A.D., Zhuravlev A.N., Petković M., Filipović V.S., Miletić N.M., Donskoy D.Y., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лукьянов А.Д., Журавлев А.Н., Петкович М.М., Филиппович В.С., Милетич Н.М., Донской Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukyanov A.D., Zhuravlev A.N., Petković M., Filipović V.S., Miletić N.M., Donskoy D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2628">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2628</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction.Convective drying of various types of food raw materials is one of the most common methods of canning. Over three million tons of dried fruits alone are preserved worldwide each year, and the volume continues to grow. Due to the duration and energy consumption of the process, when almost 50% of energy is spent directly on removing moisture, optimizing drying is a challenge. Targeted and reasonable optimization can be performed only if there is a common mathematical model of equipment and drying processes. However, when modeling the drying process, as a rule, a mathematical model of the equipment is not used, which makes the results obtained limited in application. This is the knowledge gap that the proposed study is designed to eliminate. The article presents the results of the development and identification of the parameters of a mathematical model of a small-sized dehydrator used as an experimental installation for the study on food drying processes. The research objective is to develop a mathematical model of the thermal subsystem of a dehydrator that takes into account the processes of heat and mass transfer. To achieve this goal, the following tasks must be solved: to analyze the design of the dehydrator and take into account the effect of the control system; to build a mathematical model of the dehydrator in the form of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system; to develop a simulation model of the dehydrator in the MATLAB/Simulink package; to conduct experimental studies to obtain data on temperature and power consumption; to identify the parameters of the mathematical model, including the amount of air flow and the circulation coefficient; to verify the obtained model through comparing the results of simulation and experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. A small-sized convective dehydrator equipped with an original microprocessor control system was used as a modeling object. This system was designed to provide a preset temperature regime and collect data on the parameters of the drying process: temperature, humidity, air pressure, and others. The system used three sensors: two BME-280 sensors and one DS18B20 sensor. Telemetry data and control commands were transmitted via a bot on the Telegram platform. The mathematical model of the dehydrator was constructed in the class of ODEs by the method of accumulators and flows. The parameters of the mathematical model were identified both by direct measurements of the structural elements of the dehydrator and using data obtained during experimental studies. The least squares method (LSM) was used for parametric identification of the model. The calculations were performed in the MATLAB software package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A mathematical model of thermal processes in a dehydrator has been developed in the form of a system of ordinary nonlinear differential equations of the third order. The model takes into account both the air flow coming out of the dehydrator and the air circulation inside it. The total coefficient of heat loss through the walls of the dehydrator is also determined, and its dependence on the temperature difference inside and outside the installation is shown. The developed model is presented both analytically and as a model in the MATLAB/Simulink system. The experimental verification of the model has shown high accuracy: the maximum deviation of the calculated temperatures from the measured ones was less than 0.5°C. The identification method has determined the key parameters of the system: the volume flow of air through the heater (14.1 l/s), and the air circulation coefficient (11.3), which indicates a more than tenfold passage of air flow through the working chamber. It has been found that intensive circulation significantly speeds up the drying process compared to natural convection. The model provides physical interpretability of the parameters and requires a minimum amount of experimental data.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion.The developed mathematical model of the dehydrator based on ordinary differential equations showed high accuracy (error less than 0.5°C) in the operating temperature range. The proposed energy approach made it possible to identify the volumetric air flow (3.1 l/s) and the circulation coefficient (α = 10.2), which cannot be measured directly. It is established that the air performs more than 10 cycles inside the chamber before exiting, which significantly intensifies heat and mass transfer. The coefficient of heat transfer through the walls depends linearly on the temperature difference, which is consistent with the theory of natural convection. Unlike empirical and neural network models, the proposed approach requires less experimental data and provides physical interpretability of the parameters. The model creates the basis for optimizing food drying processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed and experimentally verified mathematical model of the thermal subsystem of a small-sized convective dehydrator provides measurement accuracy and allows for the identification of hard-to-reach parameters: volumetric air flow rate and circulation coefficient. The research results can serve as the basis for developing a comprehensive model of the food dehydration process and optimizing the device operating modes. The model is applicable to the design and improvement of domestic dehydrators.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Конвективная сушка различных видов пищевого сырья является одним из наиболее распространенных методов заготовки продуктов для длительного хранения, только сухофруктов в мире консервируется свыше трех миллионов тонн в год, и объемы продолжают расти. Ввиду длительности и энергозатратности процесса, когда непосредственно на удаление влаги из продуктов тратиться почти 50 % энергии, оптимизация сушки представляет собой актуальную задачу. Целенаправленная и обоснованная оптимизация может быть осуществлена только при наличии общей математической модели оборудования и процессов сушки. Однако при моделировании процесса сушки, как правило, математическая модель оборудования не используется, что делает полученные результаты ограниченными для применения. Это является тем пробелом в знаниях, который призвано устранить предлагаемое авторами исследование. В статье представлены результаты разработки и идентификации параметров математической модели малогабаритного дегидратора, используемого в качестве экспериментальной установки для исследования процессов сушки пищевых продуктов. Целью исследования является разработка математической модели тепловой подсистемы дегидратора, учитывающей процессы тепло- и массопереноса. Для достижения поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: проанализирована конструкция дегидратора и учтено влияние на нее системы управления, построена математическая модель дегидратора в виде системы обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений (ОДУ), разработана имитационная модель дегидратора в пакете Matlab/Simulink, проведены экспериментальные исследования для получения данных о температуре и потребляемой мощности, идентифицированы параметры математической модели, в том числе величины воздушного потока и коэффициент циркуляции. Полученная модель верифицирована путем сравнения результатов имитационного моделирования и эксперимента.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве объекта моделирования был использован малогабаритный конвективный дегидратор, оснащенный оригинальной микропроцессорной системой управления. Данная система предназначена для обеспечения заданного температурного режима и сбора данных о параметрах процесса сушки: температуре, влажности, давлении воздуха и других. В системе было установлено три датчика: два датчика BME-280 и один датчик DS18B20. Телеметрические данные и управляющие команды передавались через бота на платформе Телеграм. Математическая модель дегидратора построена в классе нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений методом накопителей и потоков. Идентификация параметров математической модели осуществлялась как путем прямых измерений конструктивных элементов дегидратора, так и с использованием данных, полученных в ходе экспериментальных исследований. Для параметрической идентификации модели применен метод наименьших квадратов (МНК). Вычисления выполнены в программном пакете MATLAB.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Разработана математическая модель тепловых процессов в дегидраторе в виде системы обыкновенных нелинейных дифференциальных уравнений третьего порядка. Модель учитывает как поток воздуха, выходящий из дегидратора, так и циркуляцию воздуха внутри него. Также определен суммарный коэффициент теплопотерь через стенки дегидратора и показана его зависимость от разности температур внутри и снаружи установки. Разработанная модель представлена как в аналитическом виде, так и в виде модели в системе MATLAB/Simulink. Экспериментальная верификация модели показала высокую точность: максимальное отклонение расчетных температур от измеренных составило менее 0,5 °C. Методом идентификации определены ключевые параметры системы: объемный расход воздуха через нагреватель (14,1 л/с) и коэффициент циркуляции воздуха (11,3), что указывает на более чем десятикратное увеличение воздушного потока, проходящего через рабочую камеру. Установлено, что воздух совершает более 10 циклов внутри камеры перед выходом, что существенно интенсифицирует тепломассообмен. Коэффициент теплопередачи через стенки линейно зависит от разности температур, что согласуется с теорией естественной конвекции. Модель обеспечивает физическую интерпретируемость параметров и требует минимального объема экспериментальных данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Разработанная математическая модель дегидратора на основе обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений показала высокую точность в рабочем диапазоне температур. Предложенный в работе энергетический метод, базирующийся на анализе теплового баланса системы, позволил идентифицировать объемный расход воздуха и коэффициент циркуляции, которые невозможно измерить напрямую. В отличие от эмпирических и нейросетевых моделей, предложенный подход требует меньше экспериментальных данных и обеспечивает физическую интерпретируемость параметров. Модель создает основу для оптимизации процессов сушки пищевых продуктов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанная и экспериментально верифицированная математическая модель тепловой подсистемы малогабаритного конвективного дегидратора обеспечивает точность измерения и позволяет идентифицировать труднодоступные параметры: объемный расход воздуха и коэффициент циркуляции. Результаты исследования могут быть основой для разработки комплексной модели процесса дегидратации пищевых продуктов и оптимизации режимов работы устройства. Модель применима для проектирования и совершенствования бытовых дегидраторов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>конвективный дегидратор</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>управление</kwd><kwd>поток</kwd><kwd>ОДУ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>convective dehydrator</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>control</kwd><kwd>flow</kwd><kwd>ODE</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансовая поддержка исследований в части разработки системы управления дегидратором осуществлена в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда № 23–76–30006, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-30006/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is done with the financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant  no. 23–76–30006), https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-30006/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miletić N, Lukyanov A, Petković M. 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