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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2026-26-2-2170</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HZFVXR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACHINE BUILDING AND MACHINE SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ И МАШИНОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Elimination of Distortion during Strengthening Heat Treatment of Small Rod Products</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Устранение короблений при упрочняющей термической обработке мелких стержневых изделий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-3520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Николаевич Пустовойт, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры «Материаловедение и технологии металлов»</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: JAO-0118-2023</p><p>SPIN-код: 7222-6100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor N. Pustovoit, Dr.Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Materials Science and Technology of Metals</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>ResearcherID: JAO-0118-2023</p><p>SPIN-code: 7222-6100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pustovoyt45@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-1136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгачев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgachev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Вячиславович Долгачев, доктор технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры «Материаловедение и технологии металлов»</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: B-2328-2016</p><p>SPIN-код: 2774-5346</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri V. Dolgachev, Dr.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Materials Science and Technology of Metals</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>ResearcherID: B-2328-2016</p><p>SPIN-code: 2774-5346</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ydolgachev@donstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>2170</fpage><lpage>2170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pustovoit V.N., Dolgachev Y.V., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пустовойт В.Н., Долгачев Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pustovoit V.N., Dolgachev Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2680">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2680</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Rod-shaped products, such as various needles, axles, pins, shafts, studs, plungers, etc., are in high demand in modern industry. In production of small long products, distortion of their shapes due to the action of internal stresses caused by uneven heating, cooling, deformation or phase transformations of the metal, is a pressing issue. Known methods for eliminating warping involve additional mechanical straightening (often manual), which increases labor intensity and product costs while reducing product performance. To avoid this phenomenon, the use of magnetic field heat treatment (MFHT) technology is proposed. This technology facilitates the initiation of stress-induced martensite within the superplastic temperature range of austenite, along with the simultaneous constraint of the rod product along the magnetic flux. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to explore the feasibility of reducing distortion in rod-shaped products by applying a magnetic field during heat treatment. It is proposed to test the capabilities of MFHT technology on machine needles, where the warping criterion is the magnitude of residual deformation, and the key property indicators are hardness and fatigue limit. The study involves testing needles during both serial and experimental processing, including between different process steps.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Machine needles made of U10A steel (GOST 1435-99) with diameters of 0.65 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.10 mm and 1.20 mm were studied. Standard processing modes and MFHT processing on a special installation were used. The radial runout value was measured. The fine structure was studied using TEM and X-ray diffractometry. The operational characteristics were assessed by fatigue tests with determination of the fatigue limit.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The data on the distribution of radial runouts and deviation angles of the needle tip after conventional quenching and low tempering, as well as after MFHT and low tempering were obtained. The operational characteristics (fatigue limit) of needles with different warping after standard treatment and after MFHT were estimated. Changes in the parameters of the fine structure of martensite after quenching in a magnetic field were studied. The dispersion of the martensite structure (packet and twinned morphology) after conventional quenching and MFHT was analyzed. Data on the change in hardness along the length of the needle after various treatment modes were presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Experimental data obtained demonstrate the feasibility of eliminating warping in small rod-shaped components using the MFHT hardening technology. Hardening in a magnetic field involves a kind of internal straightening and constraining of the long axis of the product in a vertical position along the magnetic flux lines.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the hardening technology involving heat treatment in a magnetic field (MFHT), which relies on steel quenching under a magnetic field, can additionally eliminate radial runout in rod-shaped products. The internal straightening process, which is achieved using a specified MFHT processing scheme, eliminates the need for conventional machining, which reduces performance characteristics.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Стержневые изделия, например всевозможные иглы, оси, штифты, валы, шпильки, плунжеры и др., широко востребованы в современной промышленности. В технологическом процессе производства мелких длинномерных изделий существует проблема искажения их форм вследствие действия внутренних напряжений, вызванных неравномерным нагревом, охлаждением, деформацией или фазовыми превращениями металла. Известные способы устранения коробления предполагают дополнительную механическую правку (зачастую ручным способом), что увеличивает трудоёмкость производства и себестоимость продукции, при этом снижаются эксплуатационные характеристики изделий. Чтобы избежать этого явления, предлагается использовать особенности технологии термической обработки в магнитном поле (ТОМП), которые обуславливают возможность зарождения мартенсита напряжения в температурном интервале сверхпластичности аустенита и одновременного заневоливания стержневого изделия вдоль магнитного потока. Таким образом, целью настоящей работы является исследование возможности уменьшения коробления продукции стержневой формы с помощью воздействия магнитным полем при термической обработке.</p><p>Возможности технологии ТОМП предлагается апробировать на машинных иглах, в качестве критерия коробления которых выступает величина остаточной деформации, а основными показателями свойств являются твёрдость и предел выносливости. Исследование игл проведено в процессе серийной и экспериментальной технологии обработки, в том числе между различными операциями технологического процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучались машинные иглы из стали У10А диаметром 0,65, 0,75, 1,10 и 1,20 мм. Применялись стандартные режимы обработки и обработка ТОМП на специальной установке. Измерялась величина радиального биения. Исследовалась тонкая структура с помощью ПЭМ и рентгеновской дифрактометрии. Эксплуатационные характеристики оценивались усталостными испытаниями с определением предела выносливости.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Получены данные о распределении радиальных биений и углов отклонения острия игл после обычной закалки и низкого отпуска, а также после ТОМП и низкого отпуска. Дана оценка эксплуатационным характеристикам (пределу выносливости) игл с различным короблением после стандартной обработки и после ТОМП. Представлены изменения параметров тонкой структуры мартенсита после закалки в магнитном поле, анализ дисперсности структуры мартенсита (пакетной и двойниковой морфологии) после обычной закалки и ТОМП. Показаны изменения твердости по длине иглы после различных режимов обработки.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Результаты проведенных экспериментов свидетельствуют о возможности устранения коробления мелких стержневых деталей при использовании упрочняющей технологии ТОМП. Закалка в магнитном поле сопровождается своеобразной внутренней правкой и заневоливанием длинной оси изделия в вертикальном положении вдоль линий магнитного потока.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Опытным путем получены свидетельства того, что упрочняющая технология ТОМП, основанная на закалке стали в магнитном поле, позволяет дополнительно устранять радиальные биения изделий стержневой формы. В процессе внутренней рихтовки, которая реализуется особой схемой обработки ТОМП, исключается необходимость обычной мехобработки, снижающей эксплуатационные характеристики изделия.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мелкие стержневые изделия</kwd><kwd>иглы</kwd><kwd>инструментальная сталь</kwd><kwd>коробление</kwd><kwd>закалка в магнитном поле</kwd><kwd>радиальные биения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small rod products</kwd><kwd>needles</kwd><kwd>tool steel</kwd><kwd>warping</kwd><kwd>magnetic field hardening</kwd><kwd>radial runout</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят редакцию журнала за ценные замечания по содержанию статьи, сотрудников кафедры «Материаловедение и технологии металлов» ДГТУ, профессора Ю.М. Домбровского и заведующего кафедрой М.С. Егорова за помощь в получении и обсуждении результатов исследования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to thank the editorial board of the Journal for their valuable comments on the content of the article, the staff of the Department of Materials Science and Technology of Metals, DSTU, Professor Yu.M. Dombrovsky and Head of the Department M.S. Egorov for their help in obtaining and discussing the research results.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пустовойт В.Н., Долгачев Ю.Н. Формирование эпюры остаточных напряжений после закалки в магнитном поле. Безопасность техногенных и природных систем. 2024;(4):54–61. https://doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2024-8-4-54-61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pustovoit VN, Dolgachev YuV. 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