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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2026-26-2-2285</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KRLFMB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2719</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Machine Learning Model for Determining the 28-day Limit of Concrete Heat Release in Massive Monolithic Foundation Slabs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модель машинного обучения для определения предельно допустимого тепловыделения бетона к 28-м суткам в массивных монолитных фундаментных плитах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-8942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Николаевна Кондратьева, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Математика и информатика»</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: HLQ-7129-2023</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57221207414</p><p>SPIN-код: 7794-2841</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana N. Kondratieva, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Mathematics and Informatics Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>ResearcherID: HLQ-7129-2023</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57221207414</p><p>SPIN-code: 7794-2841</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ktn618@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6399-401X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василина Сергеевна Тюрина, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Строительная механика и теория сооружений»</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57214067410</p><p>SPIN-код: 8808-2687</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilina S. Tyurina, Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Structural Mechanics and Theory of Structures Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57214067410</p><p>SPIN-code: 8808-2687</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilina.93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-8546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурненко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Сергеевич Чепурненко, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры «Строительная механика и теория сооружений»</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: E-4692-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56056531000</p><p>SPIN-код: 7149-7981</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton S. Chepurnenko, Dr.Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Structural Mechanics and Theory of Structures Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p><p>ResearcherID: E-4692-2017</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56056531000</p><p>SPIN-code: 7149-7981</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anton_chepurnenk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>2285</fpage><lpage>2285</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kondratieva T.N., Tyurina V.S., Chepurnenko A.S., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондратьева Т.Н., Тюрина В.С., Чепурненко А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondratieva T.N., Tyurina V.S., Chepurnenko A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2719">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2719</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Thermal cracking is a significant challenge for massive monolithic structures. The primary approach to mitigating this risk is to control the overall heat release during cement hydration. Published scientific papers address the direct problem of assessing thermal stresses under given conditions, including the exothermic properties of concrete mixtures. The objective of the study is to solve the inverse problem, that is, to create a reliable machine learning model to predict the 28-day maximum allowable total heat release (Qmax). Implementation of the proposed approach will enable monitoring the crack resistance of massive foundation slabs.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. To build the machine learning model, a training dataset of 9375 samples was created using finite element parametric modeling. The model takes into account six input parameters: foundation slab thickness, upper surface heat transfer coefficient, ambient temperature, concrete compressive strength class, initial temperature, and concrete hardening rate. To improve forecast accuracy, the CatBoost (categorical boosting) algorithm was used with hyperparameters tuned by Bayesian optimization. Forecast quality was assessed using the mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, mean square error, root mean square error, and the coefficient of determination. The value of the parameters for forecasting was determined by a method based on the Shapley theory.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The trained model demonstrated high accuracy. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) on the training set was 0.52%. The coefficient of determination was 0.99 on the training dataset, and 0.98 — on the independent test dataset. This indicated good agreement within the considered ranges of input parameters. Shap (Shapley additive explanations) analysis identified two key factors for Qmax: heat transfer coefficient and slab thickness (with significance values of 0.57 and 0.48, respectively). The parameters ranked by significance were as follows: surface heat transfer — 96%, slab thickness — 75%, ambient temperature — 61%, hardening rate — 35%, concrete grade — 17%, and initial temperature of the mix — 14%.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The feature correlation was dictated by both the physical processes involved and the modeling methodology. The relatively high correlation between ambient temperature and initial mix temperature (ρ = 0.63) is explained by the conditions under which the model was trained. During dataset construction, the maximum initial concrete temperature was constrained by the ambient temperature. The weak positive correlation between concrete grade and Qmax is explained by the ability of high-strength concrete structures to withstand higher temperature gradients. Shap analysis allowed us to clarify: fast hardening at high temperatures reduced Qmax, while slow hardening at low temperatures increased it.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The machine learning model developed in this study provides an auxiliary computational framework for optimizing concrete composition selection during the design process. Bayesian optimization of hyperparameters provided high quality of algorithm performance in terms of metrics: MAE = 0.67; MSE = 1.78; RMSE = 1.33; MAPE = 0.52%. Three limitations of the model are unaccounted for fast-onset concrete creep, external deformation limitations, and cases of using slabs for transfer structures.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Температурное трещинообразование представляет собой серьезную проблему для массивных монолитных конструкций. Главный метод снижения этого риска — контроль общего тепловыделения в процессе гидратации цемента. Опубликованные научные работы посвящены решению прямой задачи оценки температурных напряжений при заданных условиях, включая экзотермию бетонных смесей. Цель исследования — решение обратной задачи, т.е. создание надежной модели машинного обучения, способной прогнозировать максимально допустимое общее тепловыделение к возрасту 28 дней (Qmax). Реализация предложенного подхода позволит контролировать трещиностойкость массивных фундаментных плит.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для построения модели машинного обучения сформировали обучающий датасет из 9375 образцов путем конечноэлементного параметрического моделирования. Модель учитывает шесть входных параметров: толщину фундаментной плиты, коэффициент теплоотдачи верхней поверхности, температуру окружающей среды, класс бетона по прочности на сжатие, начальную температуру и темп твердения бетона. Для повышения точности прогнозирования использовался алгоритм CatBoost1 с гиперпараметрами, настроенными по байесовской оптимизации. Качество прогнозирования оценивали по средней абсолютной, средней абсолютной процентной, среднеквадратичной ошибке, корню из нее и коэффициенту детерминации. Ценность параметров для прогноза определили методом, основанным на теории Шепли.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Обученная модель продемонстрировала высокую точность. Средняя абсолютная процентная ошибка (MAPE)2 на обучающем наборе — 0,52 %. Коэффициент детерминации — 0,99 на обучающем наборе данных и 0,98 — на независимом тестовом. Это указывает на хорошее соответствие в пределах рассмотренных диапазонов входных параметров. Анализ Shap3 выявил два главных фактора Qmax: коэффициент теплоотдачи и толщина плиты (значимость 0,57 и 0,48 соответственно). По значимости параметры распределились так: теплоотдача поверхности — 96 %, толщина плиты — 75 %, температура среды — 61 %, темп твердения — 35 %, класс бетона — 17 %, начальная температура смеси — 14 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Корреляция признаков обусловлена особенностями физических процессов и моделирования. Значимый показатель для температуры окружающей среды и начальной температуры смеси (ρ = 0,63) объясняется условием обучения модели. При формировании датасета максимальная начальная температура бетона ограничивалась температурой окружающей среды. Слабая положительная связь класса бетона с Qmax объясняется способностью конструкций из высокопрочного бетона выдерживать более высокие температурные градиенты. Shap-анализ позволил уточнить: быстрое твердение при высокой температуре сокращает Qmax, а медленное при низкой температуре — увеличивает.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанная модель машинного обучения как вспомогательный вычислительный инструмент оптимизирует выбор состава бетона при проектировании. Байесовская оптимизация гиперпараметров обеспечила высокое качество работы алгоритма по метрикам: MAE = 0,67; MSE = 1,78; RMSE = 1,33; MAPE = 0,52 %. Три ограничения модели: неучтенные быстронатекающая ползучесть бетона, внешние ограничения деформации и случаи использования плит для трансферных конструкций.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тепловыделение бетона</kwd><kwd>трещинообразование в бетонных плитах</kwd><kwd>гарантированное прогнозирование трещиностойкости</kwd><kwd>критерий трещиностойкости</kwd><kwd>выбор состава бетона при проектировании</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heat release of concrete</kwd><kwd>crack formation in concrete slabs</kwd><kwd>guaranteed prediction of crack resistance</kwd><kwd>crack resistance criterion</kwd><kwd>selection of concrete composition in design</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-19-00164, https://rscf.ru/project/25-19-00164/. Авторы выражают благодарность редакции и рецензентам за внимательное отношение к статье и замечания, которые позволили повысить ее качество.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation no. 25-19-00164, https://rscf.ru/project/25-19-00164/. The authors would like to thank the editors and reviewers for their attentive attitude towards the article and the valuable recommendations for its improvement.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузатова А.В., Дмитриева М.А., Товпинец А.О., Лейцин В.Н. Исследование процессов эволюции дефектов структуры мелкозернистых бетонов методами компьютерной томографии. 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