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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">donstu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2687-1653-2026-26-2-2679</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BVNNLU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">donstu-2729</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Electric-Field-Assisted Formation of a Biomimetic Organomineral Coating on Natural Human Tooth Enamel: Morphology and Surface Mechanical Properties</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Электрополевое формирование биомиметического органоминерального покрытия на природной эмали человеческого зуба: морфология и поверхностные механические свойства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6724-0063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seredin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Владимирович Середин, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой «Физика твёрдого тела и наноструктур»</p><p>394018, г. Воронеж, Университетская площадь, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: M-3682-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 8404521100</p><p>SPIN-код: 4044-8285</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Seredin, Dr.Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Head of the Department of Solid State Physics and Nanostructures</p><p>1, University Sq., Voronezh, 394018</p><p>ResearcherID: M-3682-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 8404521100</p><p>SPIN-code: 4044-8285</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paul@phys.vsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-2870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голощапов</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goloshchapov</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Львович Голощапов, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры «Физика твёрдого тела и наноструктур»</p><p>394018, г. Воронеж, Университетская площадь, 1</p><p>ResearcherID: M-5149-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 54789594900</p><p>SPIN-код: 7281-4006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Goloshchapov, Cand.Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor of the Solid-State Physics and Nanostructures Department</p><p>1, University Sq., Voronezh, 394018</p><p>ResearcherID: M-5149-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 54789594900</p><p>SPIN-code: 7281-4006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goloshchapov@phys.vsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-3700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Литвинова, доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры «Возрастная и социальная психология»</p><p>308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85</p><p>ResearcherID: P-3809-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56638057700</p><p>SPIN-код: 3050-5653</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Litvinova, Dr.Sci. (Philol.), Professor of the Developmental and Social Psychology Department</p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, 308015</p><p>ResearcherID: P-3809-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56638057700</p><p>SPIN-code: 3050-5653</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">centr_rus_yaz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-2656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дехнич</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dekhnich</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Витальевна Дехнич, кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры «Английская филология и межкультурная коммуникация» Института межкультурной коммуникации и международных отношений</p><p>308015, г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85</p><p>ResearcherID: AGQ-5702-2022</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56436702200</p><p>SPIN-код: 3426-6630</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Dekhnich, Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Associate Professor of the Department of English Philology and Intercultural Communication, Institute of Intercultural Communication and International Relations</p><p>85, Pobeda Str., Belgorod, 308015</p><p>ResearcherID: AGQ-5702-2022</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56436702200</p><p>SPIN-code: 3426-6630</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dekhnich@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-137X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ипполитов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ippolitov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Алексеевич Ипполитов, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры «Детская стоматология с ортодонтией»</p><p>394036, г. Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10</p><p>ResearcherID: Q-7616-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6508160054</p><p>SPIN-код: 9204-6552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury A. Ippolitov, Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry with Orthodontics</p><p>10, Studencheskaya Str., Voronezh, 394036</p><p>ResearcherID: Q-7616-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6508160054</p><p>SPIN-code: 9204-6552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dsvgma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>2679</fpage><lpage>2679</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Seredin P.V., Goloshchapov D.L., Litvinova T.A., Dekhnich O.V., Ippolitov Y.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Середин П.В., Голощапов Д.Л., Литвинова Т.А., Дехнич О.В., Ипполитов Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seredin P.V., Goloshchapov D.L., Litvinova T.A., Dekhnich O.V., Ippolitov Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2729">https://www.vestnik-donstu.ru/jour/article/view/2729</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The development of coatings capable of reproducing the structural and functional properties of dental enamel is of considerable interest for dental materials science and biomimetic surface engineering. Despite the progress achieved in biomimetic calcium-phosphate systems, the most common approaches still rely on multistep protocols that are highly sensitive to interfacial-layer formation conditions and do not always ensure simultaneous reduction of deposition time, control of coating morphology, and reproducible surface mechanical response. The objective of this study was to experimentally evaluate the feasibility of one-step formation of a biomimetic hybrid nHAp/PDA coating in an electric field using isolated electrodes, and to determine the effect of the deposition mode on surface morphology and the surface microhardness of the “coating–substrate” system.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Segments of native human permanent tooth enamel were used as a model of a natural apatite-containing substrate. Four surface conditions were compared: native enamel, an nHAp/AA layer formed after acid conditioning, a PDA/nHAp coating obtained by sequential deposition, and a hybrid coating formed via simultaneous electric-field-assisted mineralization and accelerated dopamine polymerization. Deposition was performed in a potentiostatic cell with isolated copper electrodes. Surface morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface mechanical response was assessed by Vickers microhardness testing at a 50 g load, AFM mapping of indentation imprints, and local nanoindentation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The one-step electric-field-assisted mode was found to produce the densest and most uniform surface layer, approximately 1 μm thick, with a minimum roughness of about 20 nm. Sample D demonstrated the highest surface microhardness values, reaching approximately 310 VHN, whereas native enamel showed values of approximately 280 VHN, sample B — about 120 VHN, and sample C — about 190 VHN. One-way ANOVA confirmed a statistically significant effect of sample type on microhardness (p &lt; 0.001). AFM mapping of the indentation imprints confirmed the accuracy of optical diagonal measurements on the textured surface.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The increased surface microhardness of the electric-field-assisted sample appears to be associated with more organized interfacial interactions involving polydopamine and a denser packing of the mineral component of the coating. At the same time, Vickers microhardness testing and AFM nanoindentation characterize different scale levels of the mechanical response and should therefore be interpreted as complementary methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It is shown that one-step formation of a hybrid nHAp/PDA coating in an electric field using isolated electrodes makes it possible to obtain a morphologically organized layer with a surface mechanical response comparable to that of intact enamel. The proposed approach appears promising for the accelerated formation of functional organomineral coatings on apatite-containing substrates.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Разработка покрытий, способных воспроизводить структурно-функциональные свойства зубной эмали, представляет значительный интерес для стоматологического материаловедения и биомиметической инженерии поверхностей. Несмотря на развитие биомиметических кальций-фосфатных систем, наиболее распространённые подходы по-прежнему основаны на многостадийных протоколах, чувствительных к условиям формирования межфазного слоя, и не обеспечивают в полной мере одновременного сокращения времени осаждения, контроля морфологии покрытия и воспроизводимого механического отклика поверхности. Цель данной работы состояла в экспериментальной оценке возможности одностадийного формирования биомиметического гибридного nHAp/PDA-покрытия в электрическом поле с использованием изолированных электродов, а также в установлении влияния режима осаждения на морфологию поверхности и микротвёрдость системы «покрытие–подложка».</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве модели природной апатитовой подложки использовали сегменты нативной эмали постоянных зубов человека. Сравнивали четыре состояния поверхности: нативную эмаль; слой nHAp/AA, сформированный после кислотного кондиционирования; покрытие PDA/nHAp, полученное в последовательном режиме; гибридное покрытие, сформированное при одновременной электрополевой минерализации и ускоренной полимеризации дофамина. Осаждение выполняли в потенциостатической ячейке с изолированными медными электродами. Морфологию поверхности оценивали методами сканирующей электронной и атомно-силовой микроскопии. Поверхностный механический отклик исследовали по микротвёрдости Виккерса при нагрузке 50 г, AFM-картированию отпечатков и локальной наноиндентации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Установлено, что одностадийный электрополевой режим обеспечивает формирование наиболее плотного и равномерного поверхностного слоя толщиной порядка 1 мкм с минимальной шероховатостью около 20 нм. Для образца D зарегистрированы наибольшие значения поверхностной микротвёрдости — около 310 VHN; для нативной эмали они составили около 280 VHN, для образца B — около 120 VHN, для образца C — около 190 VHN. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ подтвердил статистически значимое влияние типа образца на микротвёрдость (p &lt; 0,001). AFM-картирование отпечатков подтвердило корректность оптической оценки диагоналей на текстурированной поверхности.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Повышение поверхностной микротвёрдости образца, сформированного в электрополевом режиме, связано, по-видимому, с более организованным межфазным взаимодействием при участии полидофамина и более плотной упаковкой минеральной составляющей покрытия. При этом микротвёрдость Виккерса и AFM-наноиндентация характеризуют различные масштабные уровни механического отклика и должны интерпретироваться как взаимодополняющие методы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показано, что одностадийное формирование гибридного nHAp/PDA-покрытия в электрическом поле с использованием изолированных электродов позволяет получить морфологически организованный слой с поверхностным механическим откликом, сопоставимым с интактной эмалью. Предложенный подход представляет интерес для ускоренного формирования функциональных органоминеральных покрытий на апатитсодержащих подложках.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электрическое поле</kwd><kwd>органоминеральное покрытие</kwd><kwd>природная эмаль</kwd><kwd>микротвёрдость</kwd><kwd>атомно-силовая микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric field</kwd><kwd>organomineral coating</kwd><kwd>native enamel</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>atomic force microscopy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект №26-15-20057, https://rscf.ru/project/26-15-20057. Авторы выражают благодарность «Бразильской лаборатории синхротронного излучения (LNLS)» Бразильского центра исследований в области энергетики и материалов (CNPEM) за предоставленное оборудование в рамках проекта №20252761 и возможность проведения сопутствующих исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 26-15-20057, https://rscf.ru/project/26-15-20057. The authors would like to thank the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), for providing access to equipment and related experimental infrastructure for SINS and s-SNOM experiments at the Imbuia beamline of Sirius (Proposal 20252761).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ya-Rong Zhang, Wen Du, Xue-Dong Zhou, Hai-Yang Yu. 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