Numerical simulation of the transverse flow over spans of girder bridges

Introduction. The technique of numerical modeling of the transverse flow over span structures of bridges on the basis of the two-dimensional URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) approach used in the modern methods and software packages for computational fluid dynamics is verified. The work objective was debugging and experimental substantiation of this technique with the use of the database on the aerodynamic characteristics of the cross-sections of span structures of girder bridges of standard shapes pre-developed by the authors.

Materials and Methods. A numerical simulation of the transverse flow of low-turbulent (smooth) and turbulent air flows around the bridge structures in a range of practically interesting attack angles is carried out. SST  k − ω turbulence model was used as the closing one. The technique was preliminarily tested on the check problem for the flow of the rectangular crosssection beams. Calculations were carried out using the licensed ANSYS software.

Research Results. The calculated dependences on the attack angle of the aerodynamic coefficients of forces (drag and lift) and the moment of the cross sections of the girder bridges of standard shapes are obtained. These data refer to the span structures at the construction phase (without deck and parapets, without parapets) and operation phase, under the conditions of model smooth and turbulent incoming flow. The latter allows us to outline the boundaries for more weighted estimates of the aerodynamic characteristics of thegirder bridges in a real wind current. The best agreement with the experimental data was obtained from the drag of the cross-section. The magnitude of the lifting force is more sensitive to the presence and extent of the separation regions, so its numerical determination is less accurate. The reproduction of the angle-of-attack effect on the aerodynamic moment of the cross-section is the most challenging for the majority of configurations.

Discussion and Conclusions. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data indicates the applicability of the URANS approach to the operational prediction of the aerodynamic characteristics of the single-beam span structures. In the case of multi-beam span structures, where the aerodynamic interference between separate girders plays an important role, the URANS approach must apparently give way to more accurate eddy-resolving methods. The results obtained can be used in the aerodynamic analysis of structures and in practice of the relevant design organizations in the field of transport construction.

1. Simiu, E., Scanlan, R. Vozdeystvie vetra na zdaniya i sooruzheniya. [Wind effects on buildings and structures.] Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1984, 360p. (in Russian).

2. Paidoussis, M.-P., Price, S.-J., de Langre, E. Fluid-structure interactions: cross-flow-induced instabilities. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011, 402p.

3. Kavrakov, I., Morgenthal, G. A synergistic study of a CFD and semi-analytical models for aeroelastic analysis of bridges in turbulent wind conditions. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2018, vol. 82, pp. 59–85.

4. Spalart, P.-R. Young person’s guide to detached-eddy simulation grids. NASACR-2001-211032; Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010080473.pdf (accessed: 05.09.18).

5. Monkewitz, P.A., Nguyen, L.N. Absolute instability in the near-wake of two-dimensional bluff bodies. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 1987, vol.1, iss. 2, pp. 165–184.

6. Bruno, L., Coste, N., Fransos, D. Analysis of the separated flow around a 5:1 rectangular cylinder through computational simulation. Fifth European & African Conference on Wind Engineering: Proc. Florence, 2009. Available at: http://www.iawe.org/Proceedings/5EACWE/115.pdf (accessed: 05.09.18).

7. Brusiani, F., et al. On the evaluation of bridge deck flutter derivatives using RANS turbulence models. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2013, vol.119, pp. 39–47.

8. Franke, J., et al. Recommendations on the use of CFD inwind engineering. ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257762096_Recommendations_on_the_use_of_CFD_in_predicting_pedestrian_wind_environment (accessed: 05.09.18).

9. Belostotskiy, A.M., Dubinskiy, S.I., Afanasyeva, I.N. Chislennoe modelirovanie zadach stroitel'noy aerodinamiki. Razrabotka metodik i issledovaniya real'nykh ob''ektov. [Numerical simulation of problems of construction aerodynamics. Development of techniques and study of real-life objects.] International Journal ofComputational Civil and Structural Engineering, 2010, vol. 6, no. 1/2, pp.67–69 (in Russian).

10. Guvernyuk, S.V., et al. Vychislitel'naya aerodinamika stroitel'nykh sooruzheniy. Zadachi i metody. [Computational aerodynamics of building constructions. Problem and methods.] Vestnik MGSU,2011, vol. 2, no.2, pp. 113– 119 (in Russian).

11. ODM 218. 2. 040 — 2014. Otraslevoy dorozhnyy metodicheskiy dokument. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po otsenke aerodinamicheskikh kharakteristik secheniy proletnykh stroeniy mostov. [ODM 218.2.040—2014. Industry road guidance document. Guidelines for the evaluation of aerodynamic characteristics of the cross sections of bridge spans.] Novosibirsk State Technical University; Federal Road Agency (Rosavtodor). Moscow: Izd-vo FGUP «Informavtodor», 2014, 87p. (in Russian).

12. Salenko, S.D., Gosteev, Yu.A., Obukhovskiy, A.D. Aerodinamicheskie issledovaniya tipovykh mnogobalochnykh konstruktsiy. [Aerodynamic studies of typical multi-beam structures.] Thermophysics and Aeromechanics, 2013, vol. 20, no.4, pp. 451–460 (in Russian).